Structured Cabling - A Detailed Tutorial and Even More!

>> What is Structured Cabling?

Simply put, communication cabling systems are called structured cabling systems. Commercial and residential building communication systems are planned and organized to support different communication systems and user applications, they are all designed to support at least 10 years life cycle.

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"Structured Cabling System" is a generic communication wiring scheme that is installed in buildings that is able to support all types of communication systems including: telephone systems, computer LANs, video systems, imaging systems and more. Structured cabling system is also called premises distribution system.

>> The Purpose of Structured Cabling System

The purpose of standardized cabling systems is to support a multi-product and multi-vendor environment. An organized cabling system costs less to install and maintain over the life the system.

The cable system includes communication cabling, cable pathways, communication ground and bonding system, supporting structures, and building spaces. The structured cabling standard describes all elements of a communication cabling system to install, support, and maintain the system.

>> Structured Cabling Standards

There are three main cabling standards:
EIA/TIA 568C - This is the American standard ISO/IEC 11801 - The International standard for structured cabling systems. CENELEC EN 50173 - The European cabling standard

TIA-568-C suite of standards breakdown:

TIA-568-C.0 Generic Telecommunications Cabling for Customer Premises
TIA-568-C.1 Commercial Building Telecommunication Cabling Standards - Part 1 General Requirements
TIA-568-C.2 Balanced Twisted-Pair Telecommunications Cabling and Components Standard (release date: TBA)
TIA-568-C.3 Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard

>> Structured Cabling Subsystems

Structured cabling system is based on modular subsystems that are independent yet work together to create a complete building cabling system.

Each subsystem is designed and installed independently of the other subsystems. Then all of the structured cabling systems are interconnected and work together as a single cabling system.

This concept enables growth and flexibility as changes to one subsystem do not affect the other systems.

The subsystems of a structured cabling system are:

1. Work area subsystem
2. Horizontal subsystem
3. Backbone subsystem
4. Telecommunications Room (TR)
5. Equipment Room (ER)
6. Entrance Facility (EF)

>> Subsystems Detailed Descriptions

1. Work Area Subsystem

The work area is where the horizontal cable terminates at the wall outlet. In the work area, the users and telecommunications equipment connect to the structured cabling infrastructure. The work area includes the following components:

a) Cat5e, Cat 6 copper patch cables, fiber patch cords (jumpers), modular cords, and adapter cables
b) Adapters such as baluns and other devices that modify the signal or impedance of the cable
c) Station equipment such as computers, telephones, fax machines, data terminals

2. Horizontal Subsystem

Horizontal cabling is the cabling that extends from telecommunication closets to the work area and terminates in telecommunication outlets. It includes the following components:

a) Cables from the patch panel to the work area
b) Telecommunication outlets
c) Cable terminations
d) Cross connections where permitted

3. Backbone Subsystem

Backbone system is to connect entrance facilities, equipment rooms, and telecommunication closets.

Backbone subsystem consists of cables that connect the telecommunication closets, equipment rooms, and building entrance, cross-connect cables, mechanical terminations, and patch cables that are used for backbone to backbone cross-connection.

Backbone subsystem includes the following components:

a) Cabling between equipment rooms and building-entrance facilities
b) In a campus environment, cabling between buildings' entrance facilities
c) Vertical connections between floors

4. Telecommunication Room (TR)

Telecommunication Room is also called Telecommunication Closet. This is the space within a building that is used to terminate horizontal and backbone cables. The primary function of this building space is to have a dedicated space to install cable termination hardware and communications equipment.

The telecommunication room also contain networking equipment such as LAN hubs, switches, routers, and repeaters. Backbone cabling equipment rooms terminate in the telecommunication closet.

5. Equipment Room (ER)

An equipment room is a special type of telecommunication room. This is a special space in a building that is required to house and support common and/or special communication or data equipment. The function of an equipment room is to provide a controlled environment required by this complex and fragile equipment.

Equipment room is a centralized space specified to house more sophisticated equipment than the entrance facility or the telecommunication closets (rooms). Often, telephone equipment or data-networking equipment such as routers, switches, and hubs are located there. Backbone cabling is specified to terminate in the equipment room.

6. Entrance Facility

The entrance facility (EF) is usually where the service providers, such as the telephone company, bring their cables into a building. These cables provide services, such as dial tone, necessary for phone services in the building.

All external cabling (campus backbone, inter-building, antennae pathways, and telecommunication provider) should enter the building and terminate in a single point. Telecommunications carriers are usually required to terminate within 50 feet of a building entrance.

>> Get More Trainings

There are also lots of books on the subject of cabling. The books cover Structured Cabling Standards, Network Design, Wireless Communications, Fiber Optic Networking and Home Networking. You can search on Amazon.com for more Structured Cabling books.

Structured Cabling - A Detailed Tutorial and Even More!

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Fiber Optic Cabling For Beginners

Everyone knows that the structured cabling is the foundation of any corporate network that provides connectivity between servers, computers and other network devices and allows the transmission of voice and data around the world. When it comes to data cables, there are various media available to transport data, with the traditional route from point A to point B is copper pair and is currently used as the most common form of structured dataCabling, data transmission over copper wires. As technology continues to advance, however, and the demand for faster, more advanced methods of growing networks, fiber optic cable is rapidly on its way to the standard next-generation data cabling.

The advantages of fiber optic cables are:

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or longer distances - can be carried out signals on fiber optic cables up to 50 times longer than the use of copper wires with low attenuation (signal loss)Prices without a signal repeater to do to protect the integrity of the signal over longer distances than copper wire cables.

Intrusion Prevention and - with copper systems, it is possible to detect at a distance a signal transmitted over the cable, may be the unwanted security vulnerabilities. This is not a problem with the fiber optic cable as the dielectric nature makes it impossible to detect from a distance, and access to the fiber itself would require a physicalintervention that would be easily thwarted by a well placed surveillance system.

o Installation improvements - Longer lengths, smaller diameter, and lighter weight of fiber optic cable make installation and upgrades easy and less costly than with copper cables.

o Higher bandwidth and data transfer rates - With wider bandwidth, more data is able to be transferred at a much faster speed. This allows for shorter download times and increased network efficiency.

o EMI Immunity - Fiber optic cables can be installed in areas with high Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), as the absence of metallic wiring makes the cable completely immune to EMI.

Depending on your specific data cabling requirements, there are two different types of fiber optic cable available to meet your needs:

o Multi-Mode fiber - Multi-mode fiber has a large core diameter, where light may be broadcast through multiple paths on its way to its destination. This gives multi-mode fiber high transmission capacity, but only retaining reliability over short distances generally less than 8 miles, limited by modal dispersion.

o Single-Mode fiber - Single-mode fiber has a much smaller core diameter than multi-mode, allowing only one path for light to be broadcast through. Single-mode is used for long distance transmission, well exceeding the limits of multi-mode, and is not limited by modal dispersion.

Different environments also require different types of cabling systems to ensure the fiber stays in good condition. Depending on where you are installing the cable, there are two basic types of fiber cabling systems that can be used:

o Inside plant - Inside plant fiber cabling systems are designed for use inside a building where they generally have no contact with environmental variables. In a typical fiber inside plant cable system, individually coated fibers are positioned around a dielectric strength member core, and then surrounded by a subunit jacket. Aramid yarn(Kevlar) surrounds the individual subunits within the cable, reinforcing tensile strength. Some inside plant fiber cabling systems have an outer strength member as well, meant to provide protection to the entire cable. For inside plant installation, fiber ribbon-cable systems are also frequently used. Ribbon cables have a flat ribbon-like configuration that allows installers to conserve conduit space as they install more cables in a particular conduit.

o Outside plant - When installing fiber optic cable either outside or underground, an outside plant fiber optic cabling system is used. Outside plant fiber cabling systems are composed of individual gel-filled subunit buffer tubes which are placed around a central core strength member. Within each subunit buffer tube, buffer coated fibers are placed around a strength member. A binder that contains a water-blocking compound encloses all of the subunit buffer tubes, which is then enclosed by an outer strength member usually composed of aramid yarn. Corrugated steel is used to provide physical protection and acts as an external strength member, placed between an inner MDPE jacket and an outer HDPE jacket.

So now that you have a general understanding of the different types of fiber optic cable, you can decide which specific devices are appropriate for your particular installation. For example, say you are having a fiber optic system installed to be run for more than 375 feet through a warehouse. This length is too long for a copper wire cable system to carry data, but multi-mode fiber can handle it easily. An indoor plant installation would be suitable for this situation, since the cable is being run indoors with no environmental variables to worry about. In order to interface your new fiber optic system with an existing Ethernet system, you will either need to use a dedicated switch or media converter, or a switch with GBIC (gigabit interface converter) modules. This will convert electric signals to optical signals, and vice versa, allowing the seamless flow of data through both of the cable mediums. Next, it is important to decide which method of protection you are going to use for the fiber optic cable. The two available options are: running the fiber through an innerduct to house and protect the fiber, or using armored fiber which has built in protection. Both are good methods of protection.

Pre-Installation Checklist: What you need to know

- Installing fiber through innerduct, or is armored fiber a better way to go?
- How far is the fiber cable being run; multi-mode or single-mode?
- Which method of converting the two cable systems will be used so they may communicate?
- Is this an indoor installation, outdoor installation, or both?

With any investment, it is important to know that you are getting the best value for your money. Low system cost, combined with a longer life expectancy than copper cabling makes fiber optic cabling the best value hands down when it comes to structured cabling. Fiber optic cabling offers a structured cabling system that is designed to accommodate future applications and technological advancements, making fiber optic cabling the "cabling of the future". If you plan on installing a data cabling system that you want to last as long as possible and have unmatched performance, fiber optic cabling is the way to go. California has seen a rapid increase in businesses opting for fiber optic cabling over copper wire cabling. This has proven to be especially true in San Diego fiber optic cabling installations. For more information on the increase in fiber optic cabling in San Diego, there are multiple resources accessible online.

Fiber Optic Cabling For Beginners

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Details structured cabling systems installed by professionals

In this case, the work is structured wiring in the premises of your office, there are some things you should keep in mind to think. There are several organizations in Toronto that accept this type of work, but few offer the quality of the desired service from a reputable company. Therefore it is imperative for you to understand the details of this task to ensure that the best network cabling system in the office. There are some stepsdetails and hardware involved in this type of work, but everything is easy to understand, if given a little thought.

Structured cabling provides the needs of your organization by telephone, computer LAN, video and imaging systems, among many others. This distribution house are able to meet the needs of multi-product and also to meet multi-vendor systems with relative ease and have a minimum of 10 years. This infrastructure includes buildingThe rooms, communication cables in various categories (such as CAT 6 cabling Toronto), support structures, communications, ground systems and tie and lifts. A renowned company engaged in the commissioning of wiring work offers services such as installation, support and system maintenance.

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The installation of a cable communication network infrastructure and structured is a task that is actually the creation of several subsystems that work independently asa cohesive unit. The staff of the renowned company engaged in this work to keep expertise in the creation of the following subsystems:

Workspace subsystems

In this subsystem, arranged horizontally at the point of cable (the places on the walls) to finish. Telecommunications equipment is the configuration of structured cabling in this area suitable for the following, in an area of ​​work is available at:

• Adapters
• computers, telephones, fax, dataJam
• Cat 5e, Cat 6 cabling Toronto (copper patch cables), fiber optic patch cords (jumpers), modular cables and cable adapters

Horizontal subsystems

He refers to the network cable from the mobile telecommunications sector needed, covering the work area and ends at points of sale of telecommunications. It is based on the following list:

• cable from the patch panel in the work
• TelecommunicationsOutlets
• Cable Terminations
• Cross-connections, if necessary

Backbone subsystem

These are necessary to establish a link between inputs, equipment rooms, telecommunications closets, cross-wired, mechanical connectors and patch cables.

Telecommunications Room (TR)

Although the Cabinet, the place where the horizontal and backbone connections, including cable network at the end. LANHubs, switches, routers, repeaters and network equipment in this unit are fixed, because it is a separate area for the installation of cable hardware and communications equipment.

Equipped rooms (ER)

This is the area that are stored in a database and special telecommunications in a regulated environment, in order to keep these fragile components of the network at any time.

Admission Fund(EF)

This is the place where the external service providers as telecommunications companies, fix the cable to the cable infrastructure network, just installed.

Details structured cabling systems installed by professionals

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